Mary Ny asked:




Fannie Mae was chartered in 1938, as the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), with the responsibility of creating a secondary market for home mortgages. It operated under direct federal control. In 1968, the Federal National Mortgage Association was partitioned into two separate entities- one wholly owned by the government and known as the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), and the other to retain the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) name. It was privatized by legislation enacted in 1968 and became fully private in 1970.

Fannie Mae (along with Freddie Mac) sets the limit each year on the size of a conforming loan based on the October to October changes in mean home price. Mortgages above this limit are considered jumbo and super jumbo loans because Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac only buy conforming loans to repackage into the secondary market, making the demand for non-conforming loans much less. Thus, interest rates for jumbo and super jumbo loans are higher than for conforming loans.

According to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), borrowers see mortgage rates 25-50 basis points lower because of what Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac do. This is reflected in lowered interest rates of up to a half percentage on each individual homebuyer’s mortgage, which translates to lower payments and increased consumer cash flow for other purposes. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also were the agencies that recommended that FICO scores be used in mortgage lending. Now, FICO scores are the mortgage industry standard for originating conventional loans, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) based on various prime rate indices, jumbo loans and 2nd home purchases as well as the popular cash out mortgage refinance loans.

Today, Fair Isaac estimates that more than 75% of all mortgage originations in the U.S. involve the FICO credit score. FICO scores are being used in almost every sector of the nation’s economy, and largely determine whether or not you will be approved for credit (including mortgage loans), what interest rates you will pay and what loan terms are available to you. This is why it is important to maintain a high FICO. But, if you’re a homeowner who’s had credit issues in the past, a timely mortgage refinance or home equity loan (second mortgage) for debt consolidation can help raise your score substantially and save you a lot of money.

Vera

Jim Johnson asked:


For most people the mortgage industry seems to speak a foreign language, with terms and acronyms that are vague and unfamiliar. And of course, when dealing with large sums of money such as those found in a home mortgage, you want to try to understand the language as much as possible in order to avoid making mistakes. So here is a little primer on some of the most important terms used when getting a mortgage or home loan.

There are four types of mortgages that are generally available and those are fixed rate, adjustable rate, convertible and special loans.

Fixed Rate Loans – usually these are found in either the 30 year loan or 15 year loan category, and this simply means that you pay a fixed payment each month over the course of either the 30 years or 15 years.

Adjustable Rate Loans – this is where your payment can fluctuate depending on the prevailing interest rate at the time. If interest rates rise, then your payment goes up and if interest rates fall, your payment goes down instead.

Convertible Loans – these are loans that may start out as either a fixed rate or an adjustable rate mortgage, and then can be converted over to the opposite kind of loan instead. Many people will use this type of loan to start out as an adjustable rate mortgage and then convert over to a fixed rate mortgage when interest rates are at their lowest.

Special Loans – these include FHA loans for first-time homebuyers and folks with credit problems, and also VA mortgage loans for veterans of the Armed Forces and their families.

There are other terms that you need to know when it comes to getting a home mortgage as well and they are:

Appraisal – this is where you pay an independent person to correctly assess the value of your home using excepted market calculations.

Closing costs – these are fees that are usually payable when the mortgage papers are signed that pays for the transfer of the ownership of the home.

Points – this is a value that typically relates to 1% of the total cost of the home being mortgaged.

Escrow – this is where money is often held by a neutral third party in a transaction of two or more people.

Pre-qualify – this is where a lending institution will state that you do qualify for receiving a home mortgage for a certain price range of home.

Pre-approval – this is where a lending institution has already run the necessary paperwork and approved a home mortgage loan for a certain amount.

There are other special terms and acronyms used by the mortgage industry, but the ones listed above are perhaps the ones that are most commonly used. Hopefully this will help you be more informed when you try to get your next home mortgage loan.



FORREST

Loan Modification Help Center asked:


A growing recognition that the Obama Administration’s Home Affordability and Stability Program (HASP) is not working in its current design has fingers pointed all over Washington D.C. trying to place blame on mortgage servicers, investors and the administration itself. At hearings this week in Washington, comments ranged from encouraging to total frustration as expressed by Senator Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.) who said, “It’s just hard to explain to the working families in America how it is we could move so fast with extraordinarily complicated deals with the huge financial institutions, and we are moving so incredibly slowly, mired in paperwork, in rules, in talking to banks back home.”

With predictions for 3.5 million foreclosures by the end of this year and 9 million by the end of 2012, the fact that the program has initiated less than 150,000 loan modifications as it enters its fifth month has industry experts trying to figure out what went wrong and what can done to fix it. While there isn’t yet a full spectrum solution to the issue, the problems of the program have become well defined. They include:  

1)    When the program was announced in February, there was little to motivate lenders and servicers to hire staff, provide training to processors in the nuances of the program’s guidelines, and build infrastructure to support the flood of requests. While it’s true that the plan provides incentive payments to lenders and servicers, at $1,000 per year for a successful loan modification, the incentives aren’t enough to offset the costs of implementing a full scale department which, in effect, generates only losses.

2)    Executing loan modifications results in recordable losses for lenders and investors. In the Spring Congress, hearing the pleas from the mortgage industry, ended the long standing requirement that mortgages be marked to market periodically to reflect losses on the books of lenders and investors. If loan modifications were being handled quickly and efficiently the resulting losses would leave many in the industry short on capital requirements and/or struggling for survival.

3)    Investors, even with the passage of the safe harbor bill, can still stand in the way of modifications. Congress passed the bill in May to give servicers more freedom in choosing the concessions they grant in a loan modification and to protect them from lawsuits served by the investors that actually own the mortgages. The problem is that the pooling and stripping of mortgages by insurance companies, pensions and Wall Street institutions can make determining who owns what a job in itself. Even when ownership is clearly defined, servicers and their investors are trying to avoid adversarial relationships as much as possible so getting a sign off on loan modifications can either bog down the process or result in non-approval of the loan modification.

4)    The defeat of the cramdown provision in the administration’s foreclosure initiative, which would have allowed judges in bankruptcy court to decide on principle reductions, gives lenders and investors the last word on a modification. Had the provision passed, the threat of having principle balances reduced by an uninterested third party would encourage more approvals and greater concessions in loan modifications. “You have got to have some leverage, something to hold people’s feet to the fire,” said Center for Responsible Lending spokeswoman Kathleen Day. “If you tell the industry this [judge] can do the loan mod if you don’t, that is going to get their attention.” Defeated in the Senate, revisiting cramdowns is seen as a political nonstarter but other actions like the threat of the repeal of certain tax advantages could prove to be a motivator for getting loan modifications done.

5)     The program is now being criticized for being too complex and for not strongly emphasizing principal reductions. There is talk now of abandoning the original guidelines and replacing them with blanket programs intended for any one that originated a mortgage that they clearly couldn’t afford between 2005 and 2008. The simplified plan would focus on principle reductions to bring home values closer to the principle balances of the mortgages on the properties. Despite its simplification, the tentative design of that plan has its own issues as well. The first is that statistics are already showing that buyers that clearly couldn’t afford their homes have already been foreclosed. The second is that a massive round of write-downs on properties and mortgages would devastate the financial industry.

6)    The program is fighting the wrong battle. According to Nicolas Retsinas, director of Harvard University’s Joint Center for Housing Studies, the original plan was well designed for the issues that started crisis but the cause behind most foreclosures has now changed. The original targets of the program including stated income, negative amortization, and other loans that buried homeowners have largely run their course while growing unemployment is now the fuel behind foreclosures occurring on prime, jumbo prime, and fixed interest loans. “The issues have changed, and in some ways the solutions haven’t kept up with the problems,” Retsinas summarized. “The most effective intervention would be to put people back to work.”

Another mistake made by the administration was the dismissal of private efforts by law firms that negotiate loan modifications on behalf of homeowners. By encouraging homeowners to take on the labor intensive and complex task of doing home loan modifications on their own the administration put thousands of people in a position where they were negotiating terms on mortgages that they didn’t understand in the first place. With untrained and overworked processors on the other end of the phone it’s no wonder many loan modifications never got off the ground.



JEREMY